backend-infra-engineer: Release v0.3.3 snapshot
This commit is contained in:
scawful
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docs/internal/agents/z3ed-command-abstraction.md
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551
docs/internal/agents/z3ed-command-abstraction.md
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# z3ed Command Abstraction Layer Guide
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**Created**: October 11, 2025
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**Status**: Implementation Complete
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## Overview
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This guide documents the new command abstraction layer for z3ed CLI commands. The abstraction layer eliminates ~500+ lines of duplicated code across tool commands and provides a consistent, maintainable architecture for future command development.
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## Problem Statement
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### Before Abstraction
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The original `tool_commands.cc` (1549 lines) had severe code duplication:
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1. **ROM Loading**: Every command had 20-30 lines of identical ROM loading logic
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2. **Argument Parsing**: Each command manually parsed `--format`, `--rom`, `--type`, etc.
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3. **Output Formatting**: JSON vs text formatting was duplicated across every command
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4. **Label Initialization**: Resource label loading was repeated in every handler
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5. **Error Handling**: Inconsistent error messages and validation patterns
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### Code Duplication Example
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```cpp
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// Repeated in EVERY command (30+ times):
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Rom rom_storage;
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Rom* rom = nullptr;
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if (rom_context != nullptr && rom_context->is_loaded()) {
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rom = rom_context;
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} else {
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auto rom_or = LoadRomFromFlag();
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if (!rom_or.ok()) {
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return rom_or.status();
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}
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rom_storage = std::move(rom_or.value());
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rom = &rom_storage;
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}
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// Initialize labels (repeated in every command that needs labels)
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if (rom->resource_label()) {
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if (!rom->resource_label()->labels_loaded_) {
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core::YazeProject project;
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project.use_embedded_labels = true;
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auto labels_status = project.InitializeEmbeddedLabels();
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// ... more boilerplate ...
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}
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}
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// Manual argument parsing (repeated everywhere)
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std::string format = "json";
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for (size_t i = 0; i < arg_vec.size(); ++i) {
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const std::string& token = arg_vec[i];
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if (token == "--format") {
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if (i + 1 >= arg_vec.size()) {
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return absl::InvalidArgumentError("--format requires a value.");
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}
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format = arg_vec[++i];
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} else if (absl::StartsWith(token, "--format=")) {
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format = token.substr(9);
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}
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}
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// Manual output formatting (repeated everywhere)
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if (format == "json") {
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std::cout << "{\n";
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std::cout << " \"field\": \"value\",\n";
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std::cout << "}\n";
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} else {
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std::cout << "Field: value\n";
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}
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```
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## Solution Architecture
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### Three-Layer Abstraction
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1. **CommandContext** - ROM loading, context management
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2. **ArgumentParser** - Unified argument parsing
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3. **OutputFormatter** - Consistent output formatting
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4. **CommandHandler** (Optional) - Base class for structured commands
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### File Structure
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```
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src/cli/service/resources/
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├── command_context.h # Context management
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├── command_context.cc
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├── command_handler.h # Base handler class
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├── command_handler.cc
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└── (existing files...)
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src/cli/handlers/agent/
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├── tool_commands.cc # Original (to be refactored)
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├── tool_commands_refactored.cc # Example refactored commands
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└── (other handlers...)
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```
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## Core Components
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### 1. CommandContext
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Encapsulates ROM loading and common context:
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```cpp
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// Create context
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CommandContext::Config config;
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config.external_rom_context = rom_context; // Optional: use existing ROM
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config.rom_path = "/path/to/rom.sfc"; // Optional: override ROM path
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config.use_mock_rom = false; // Optional: use mock for testing
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config.format = "json";
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CommandContext context(config);
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// Get ROM (auto-loads if needed)
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ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(Rom* rom, context.GetRom());
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// Ensure labels loaded
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RETURN_IF_ERROR(context.EnsureLabelsLoaded(rom));
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```
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**Benefits**:
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- Single location for ROM loading logic
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- Automatic error handling
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- Mock ROM support for testing
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- Label management abstraction
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### 2. ArgumentParser
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Unified argument parsing with type safety:
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```cpp
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ArgumentParser parser(arg_vec);
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// String arguments
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auto type = parser.GetString("type"); // Returns std::optional<string>
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auto format = parser.GetString("format").value_or("json");
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// Integer arguments (supports hex with 0x prefix)
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ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(int room_id, parser.GetInt("room"));
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// Hex-only arguments
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ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(int tile_id, parser.GetHex("tile"));
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// Flags
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if (parser.HasFlag("verbose")) {
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// ...
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}
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// Validation
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RETURN_IF_ERROR(parser.RequireArgs({"type", "query"}));
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```
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**Benefits**:
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- Consistent argument parsing across all commands
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- Type-safe with proper error handling
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- Supports both `--arg=value` and `--arg value` forms
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- Built-in hex parsing for ROM addresses
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### 3. OutputFormatter
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Consistent JSON/text output:
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```cpp
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ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(auto formatter, OutputFormatter::FromString("json"));
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formatter.BeginObject("Room Information");
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formatter.AddField("room_id", "0x12");
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formatter.AddHexField("address", 0x1234, 4); // Formats as "0x1234"
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formatter.AddField("sprite_count", 5);
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formatter.BeginArray("sprites");
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formatter.AddArrayItem("Sprite 1");
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formatter.AddArrayItem("Sprite 2");
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formatter.EndArray();
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formatter.EndObject();
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formatter.Print();
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```
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**Output (JSON)**:
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```json
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{
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"room_id": "0x12",
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"address": "0x1234",
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"sprite_count": 5,
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"sprites": [
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"Sprite 1",
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"Sprite 2"
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]
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}
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```
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**Output (Text)**:
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```
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=== Room Information ===
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room_id : 0x12
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address : 0x1234
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sprite_count : 5
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sprites:
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- Sprite 1
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- Sprite 2
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```
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**Benefits**:
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- No manual JSON escaping
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- Consistent formatting rules
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- Easy to switch between JSON and text
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- Proper indentation handling
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### 4. CommandHandler (Optional Base Class)
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For more complex commands, use the base class pattern:
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```cpp
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class MyCommandHandler : public CommandHandler {
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protected:
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std::string GetUsage() const override {
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return "agent my-command --required <value> [--format <json|text>]";
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}
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absl::Status ValidateArgs(const ArgumentParser& parser) override {
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return parser.RequireArgs({"required"});
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}
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absl::Status Execute(Rom* rom, const ArgumentParser& parser,
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OutputFormatter& formatter) override {
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auto value = parser.GetString("required").value();
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// Business logic here
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formatter.AddField("result", value);
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return absl::OkStatus();
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}
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bool RequiresLabels() const override { return true; }
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};
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// Usage:
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absl::Status HandleMyCommand(const std::vector<std::string>& args, Rom* rom) {
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MyCommandHandler handler;
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return handler.Run(args, rom);
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}
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```
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**Benefits**:
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- Enforces consistent structure
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- Automatic context setup and teardown
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- Built-in error handling
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- Easy to test individual components
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## Migration Guide
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### Step-by-Step Refactoring
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#### Before (80 lines):
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```cpp
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absl::Status HandleResourceListCommand(
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const std::vector<std::string>& arg_vec, Rom* rom_context) {
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std::string type;
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std::string format = "table";
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// Manual argument parsing (20 lines)
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for (size_t i = 0; i < arg_vec.size(); ++i) {
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const std::string& token = arg_vec[i];
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if (token == "--type") {
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if (i + 1 >= arg_vec.size()) {
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return absl::InvalidArgumentError("--type requires a value.");
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}
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type = arg_vec[++i];
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} else if (absl::StartsWith(token, "--type=")) {
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type = token.substr(7);
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}
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// ... repeat for --format ...
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}
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if (type.empty()) {
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return absl::InvalidArgumentError("Usage: ...");
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}
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// ROM loading (30 lines)
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Rom rom_storage;
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Rom* rom = nullptr;
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if (rom_context != nullptr && rom_context->is_loaded()) {
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rom = rom_context;
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} else {
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auto rom_or = LoadRomFromFlag();
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if (!rom_or.ok()) {
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return rom_or.status();
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}
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rom_storage = std::move(rom_or.value());
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rom = &rom_storage;
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}
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// Label initialization (15 lines)
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if (rom->resource_label()) {
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if (!rom->resource_label()->labels_loaded_) {
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core::YazeProject project;
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project.use_embedded_labels = true;
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auto labels_status = project.InitializeEmbeddedLabels();
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if (labels_status.ok()) {
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rom->resource_label()->labels_ = project.resource_labels;
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rom->resource_label()->labels_loaded_ = true;
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}
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}
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}
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// Business logic
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ResourceContextBuilder context_builder(rom);
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auto labels_or = context_builder.GetLabels(type);
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if (!labels_or.ok()) {
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return labels_or.status();
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}
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auto labels = std::move(labels_or.value());
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// Manual output formatting (15 lines)
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if (format == "json") {
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std::cout << "{\n";
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for (const auto& [key, value] : labels) {
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std::cout << " \"" << key << "\": \"" << value << "\",\n";
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}
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std::cout << "}\n";
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} else {
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for (const auto& [key, value] : labels) {
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std::cout << key << ": " << value << "\n";
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}
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}
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return absl::OkStatus();
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}
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```
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#### After (30 lines):
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```cpp
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absl::Status HandleResourceListCommand(
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const std::vector<std::string>& arg_vec, Rom* rom_context) {
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// Parse arguments
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ArgumentParser parser(arg_vec);
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auto type = parser.GetString("type");
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auto format_str = parser.GetString("format").value_or("table");
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if (!type.has_value()) {
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return absl::InvalidArgumentError(
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"Usage: agent resource-list --type <type> [--format <table|json>]");
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}
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// Create formatter
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ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(auto formatter, OutputFormatter::FromString(format_str));
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// Setup context
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CommandContext::Config config;
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config.external_rom_context = rom_context;
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CommandContext context(config);
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// Get ROM and labels
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ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(Rom* rom, context.GetRom());
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RETURN_IF_ERROR(context.EnsureLabelsLoaded(rom));
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// Execute business logic
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ResourceContextBuilder builder(rom);
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ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(auto labels, builder.GetLabels(*type));
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// Format output
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formatter.BeginObject("Labels");
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for (const auto& [key, value] : labels) {
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formatter.AddField(key, value);
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}
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formatter.EndObject();
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formatter.Print();
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return absl::OkStatus();
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}
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```
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**Savings**: 50+ lines eliminated, clearer intent, easier to maintain
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### Commands to Refactor
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Priority order for refactoring (based on duplication level):
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1. **High Priority** (Heavy duplication):
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- `HandleResourceListCommand` - Example provided ✓
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- `HandleResourceSearchCommand` - Example provided ✓
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- `HandleDungeonDescribeRoomCommand` - 80 lines → ~35 lines
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- `HandleOverworldDescribeMapCommand` - 100 lines → ~40 lines
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- `HandleOverworldListWarpsCommand` - 120 lines → ~45 lines
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2. **Medium Priority** (Moderate duplication):
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- `HandleDungeonListSpritesCommand`
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- `HandleOverworldFindTileCommand`
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- `HandleOverworldListSpritesCommand`
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- `HandleOverworldGetEntranceCommand`
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- `HandleOverworldTileStatsCommand`
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3. **Low Priority** (Simple commands, less duplication):
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- `HandleMessageListCommand` (delegates to message handler)
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- `HandleMessageReadCommand` (delegates to message handler)
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- `HandleMessageSearchCommand` (delegates to message handler)
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### Estimated Impact
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| Metric | Before | After | Savings |
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|--------|--------|-------|---------|
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| Lines of code (tool_commands.cc) | 1549 | ~800 | **48%** |
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| Duplicated ROM loading | ~600 lines | 0 | **600 lines** |
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| Duplicated arg parsing | ~400 lines | 0 | **400 lines** |
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| Duplicated formatting | ~300 lines | 0 | **300 lines** |
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| **Total Duplication Removed** | | | **~1300 lines** |
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## Testing Strategy
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### Unit Testing
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```cpp
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TEST(CommandContextTest, LoadsRomFromConfig) {
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CommandContext::Config config;
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config.rom_path = "test.sfc";
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CommandContext context(config);
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auto rom_or = context.GetRom();
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ASSERT_OK(rom_or);
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EXPECT_TRUE(rom_or.value()->is_loaded());
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}
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TEST(ArgumentParserTest, ParsesStringArguments) {
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std::vector<std::string> args = {"--type=dungeon", "--format", "json"};
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ArgumentParser parser(args);
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EXPECT_EQ(parser.GetString("type").value(), "dungeon");
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EXPECT_EQ(parser.GetString("format").value(), "json");
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}
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TEST(OutputFormatterTest, GeneratesValidJson) {
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auto formatter = OutputFormatter::FromString("json").value();
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formatter.BeginObject("Test");
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formatter.AddField("key", "value");
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formatter.EndObject();
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std::string output = formatter.GetOutput();
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EXPECT_THAT(output, HasSubstr("\"key\": \"value\""));
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}
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```
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### Integration Testing
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||||
```cpp
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TEST(ResourceListCommandTest, ListsDungeons) {
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std::vector<std::string> args = {"--type=dungeon", "--format=json"};
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Rom rom;
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rom.LoadFromFile("test.sfc");
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||||
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auto status = HandleResourceListCommand(args, &rom);
|
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EXPECT_OK(status);
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}
|
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```
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||||
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||||
## Benefits Summary
|
||||
|
||||
### For Developers
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Less Code to Write**: New commands take 30-40 lines instead of 80-120
|
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2. **Consistent Patterns**: All commands follow the same structure
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||||
3. **Better Error Handling**: Standardized error messages and validation
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4. **Easier Testing**: Each component can be tested independently
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||||
5. **Self-Documenting**: Clear separation of concerns
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||||
|
||||
### For Maintainability
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1. **Single Source of Truth**: ROM loading logic in one place
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2. **Easy to Update**: Change all commands by updating one class
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3. **Consistent Behavior**: All commands handle errors the same way
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4. **Reduced Bugs**: Less duplication = fewer places for bugs
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### For AI Integration
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1. **Predictable Structure**: AI can generate commands using templates
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2. **Type Safety**: ArgumentParser prevents common errors
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3. **Consistent Output**: AI can reliably parse JSON responses
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4. **Easy to Extend**: New tool types follow existing patterns
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## Next Steps
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||||
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||||
### Immediate (Current PR)
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||||
|
||||
1. Create abstraction layer (CommandContext, ArgumentParser, OutputFormatter)
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||||
2. Add CommandHandler base class
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||||
3. Provide refactored examples
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||||
4. Update build system
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5. Document architecture
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||||
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||||
### Phase 2 (Next PR)
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||||
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1. Refactor high-priority commands (5 commands)
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2. Add comprehensive unit tests
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||||
3. Update AI tool dispatcher to use new patterns
|
||||
4. Create command generator templates for AI
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||||
|
||||
### Phase 3 (Future)
|
||||
|
||||
1. Refactor remaining commands
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||||
2. Remove old helper functions
|
||||
3. Add performance benchmarks
|
||||
4. Create VS Code snippets for command development
|
||||
|
||||
## Migration Checklist
|
||||
|
||||
For each command being refactored:
|
||||
|
||||
- [ ] Replace manual argument parsing with ArgumentParser
|
||||
- [ ] Replace ROM loading with CommandContext
|
||||
- [ ] Replace label initialization with context.EnsureLabelsLoaded()
|
||||
- [ ] Replace manual formatting with OutputFormatter
|
||||
- [ ] Update error messages to use GetUsage()
|
||||
- [ ] Add unit tests for the command
|
||||
- [ ] Update documentation
|
||||
- [ ] Test with both JSON and text output
|
||||
- [ ] Test with missing/invalid arguments
|
||||
- [ ] Test with mock ROM
|
||||
|
||||
## References
|
||||
|
||||
- Implementation: `src/cli/service/resources/command_context.{h,cc}`
|
||||
- Examples: `src/cli/handlers/agent/tool_commands_refactored.cc`
|
||||
- Base class: `src/cli/service/resources/command_handler.{h,cc}`
|
||||
- Build config: `src/cli/agent.cmake`
|
||||
|
||||
## Questions & Answers
|
||||
|
||||
**Q: Should I refactor all commands at once?**
|
||||
A: No. Refactor in phases to minimize risk. Start with 2-3 commands as proof of concept.
|
||||
|
||||
**Q: What if my command needs custom argument handling?**
|
||||
A: ArgumentParser is flexible. You can still access raw args or add custom parsing logic.
|
||||
|
||||
**Q: Can I use both old and new patterns temporarily?**
|
||||
A: Yes. The new abstraction layer works alongside existing code. Migrate gradually.
|
||||
|
||||
**Q: Will this affect AI tool calling?**
|
||||
A: No breaking changes. The command interfaces remain the same. Internal implementation improves.
|
||||
|
||||
**Q: How do I test commands with the new abstractions?**
|
||||
A: Use CommandContext with mock ROM, or pass external rom_context in tests.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
**Last Updated**: October 11, 2025
|
||||
**Author**: AI Assistant
|
||||
**Review Status**: Ready for Implementation
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user