backend-infra-engineer: Pre-0.2.2 snapshot (2023)
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scawful
393
src/app/emu/video/ppu.h
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393
src/app/emu/video/ppu.h
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#ifndef YAZE_APP_EMU_PPU_H
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#define YAZE_APP_EMU_PPU_H
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#include <array>
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#include <cstdint>
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#include <vector>
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#include "app/emu/cpu/clock.h"
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#include "app/emu/memory/memory.h"
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#include "app/emu/video/ppu_registers.h"
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#include "app/rom.h"
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namespace yaze {
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namespace app {
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namespace emu {
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using namespace yaze::app::emu::PpuRegisters;
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class PpuInterface {
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public:
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virtual ~PpuInterface() = default;
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// Memory Interactions
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virtual void Write(uint16_t address, uint8_t data) = 0;
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virtual uint8_t Read(uint16_t address) const = 0;
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// Rendering Controls
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virtual void RenderFrame() = 0;
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virtual void RenderScanline() = 0;
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virtual void RenderBackground(int layer) = 0;
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virtual void RenderSprites() = 0;
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// State Management
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virtual void Init() = 0;
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virtual void Reset() = 0;
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virtual void Update(double deltaTime) = 0;
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virtual void UpdateClock(double deltaTime) = 0;
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virtual void UpdateInternalState(int cycles) = 0;
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// Data Access
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virtual const std::vector<uint8_t>& GetFrameBuffer() const = 0;
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virtual std::shared_ptr<gfx::Bitmap> GetScreen() const = 0;
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// Mode and Setting Updates
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virtual void UpdateModeSettings() = 0;
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virtual void UpdateTileData() = 0;
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virtual void UpdateTileMapData() = 0;
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virtual void UpdatePaletteData() = 0;
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// Layer Composition
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virtual void ApplyEffects() = 0;
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virtual void ComposeLayers() = 0;
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// Display Output
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virtual void DisplayFrameBuffer() = 0;
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// Notification (Observer pattern)
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virtual void Notify(uint32_t address, uint8_t data) = 0;
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};
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// Enum representing different background modes
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enum class BackgroundMode {
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Mode0, // 4 layers, each 2bpp (4 colors)
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Mode1, // 2 layers, 4bpp (16 colors), 1 layer, 2bpp (4 colors)
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Mode2, // 2 layers, 4bpp (16 colors), 1 layer for offset-per-tile
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Mode3, // 1 layer, 8bpp (256 colors), 1 layer, 4bpp (16 colors)
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Mode4, // 1 layer, 8bpp (256 colors), 1 layer, 2bpp (4 colors)
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// 1 layer for offset-per-tile
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Mode5, // 1 layer, 4bpp (16 colors), 1 layer, 2bpp (4 colors) hi-res
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Mode6, // 1 layer, 4bpp (16 colors), 1 layer for offset-per-tile, hi-res
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Mode7, // 1 layer, 8bpp (256 colors), rotation/scaling
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};
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// Enum representing sprite sizes
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enum class SpriteSize { Size8x8, Size16x16, Size32x32, Size64x64 };
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// Struct representing a sprite's attributes
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struct SpriteAttributes {
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uint8_t x; // X position of the sprite
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uint8_t y; // Y position of the sprite
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uint16_t tile; // Tile number for the sprite
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uint8_t palette; // Palette number for the sprite
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uint8_t priority; // Priority for the sprite
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bool hFlip; // Horizontal flip flag
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bool vFlip; // Vertical flip flag
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};
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// Struct representing a tilemap entry
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struct TilemapEntry {
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uint16_t tileNumber; // Tile number for the tile
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uint8_t palette; // Palette number for the tile
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uint8_t priority; // Priority for the tile
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bool hFlip; // Horizontal flip flag
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bool vFlip; // Vertical flip flag
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};
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// Struct representing a tilemap
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struct Tilemap {
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std::vector<TilemapEntry> entries; // Entries for the tilemap
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};
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// Struct representing a color
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struct Color {
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uint8_t r; // Red component
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uint8_t g; // Green component
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uint8_t b; // Blue component
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};
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// Registers
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struct OAMSize {
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uint8_t base_selection : 3;
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uint8_t name_selection : 2;
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uint8_t object_size : 3;
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};
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struct OAMAddress {
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uint8_t oam_address_low : 8;
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uint8_t oam_address_msb : 1;
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uint8_t oam_priority_rotation : 1;
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uint8_t unused : 6;
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};
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struct TileMapLocation {
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uint8_t SC_size : 2;
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uint8_t tile_map_address : 5;
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uint8_t unused : 1;
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};
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struct CharacterLocation {
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uint8_t BG1_address : 4;
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uint8_t BG2_address : 4;
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uint8_t BG3_address : 4;
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uint8_t BG4_address : 4;
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};
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struct VideoPortControl {
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uint8_t increment_rate : 2;
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uint8_t full_graphic : 2;
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uint8_t increment_mode : 1;
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uint8_t unused : 3;
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};
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struct ScreenDisplay {
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uint8_t brightness : 4;
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uint8_t disable_screen : 1;
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uint8_t unused : 3;
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};
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struct ScreenMode {
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uint8_t general_screen_mode : 3;
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uint8_t priority : 1;
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uint8_t BG1_tile_size : 1;
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uint8_t BG2_tile_size : 1;
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uint8_t BG3_tile_size : 1;
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uint8_t BG4_tile_size : 1;
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};
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struct ScrollRegister {
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uint8_t offset : 8;
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uint8_t mode7_bits : 3;
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uint8_t unused : 5;
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};
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struct MainSubScreenDesignation {
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uint8_t BG1_enable : 1;
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uint8_t BG2_enable : 1;
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uint8_t BG3_enable : 1;
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uint8_t BG4_enable : 1;
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uint8_t sprites_enable : 1;
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uint8_t unused : 3;
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};
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struct WindowMaskSettings {
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uint8_t BG1_clip_in_out : 1;
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uint8_t BG1_enable : 1;
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uint8_t BG2_clip_in_out : 1;
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uint8_t BG2_enable : 1;
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uint8_t BG3_clip_in_out : 1;
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uint8_t BG3_enable : 1;
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uint8_t BG4_clip_in_out : 1;
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uint8_t BG4_enable : 1;
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};
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struct WindowMaskSettings2 {
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uint8_t sprites_clip_in_out : 1;
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uint8_t sprites_enable : 1;
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uint8_t color_windows_clip_in_out : 1;
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uint8_t color_windows_enable : 1;
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uint8_t unused : 4;
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};
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struct WindowPosition {
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uint8_t position : 8;
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};
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struct MaskLogicSettings {
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uint8_t BG1_mask_logic : 2;
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uint8_t BG2_mask_logic : 2;
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uint8_t BG3_mask_logic : 2;
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uint8_t BG4_mask_logic : 2;
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};
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// Counter/IRQ/NMI Registers
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struct CounterIrqNmiRegisters {
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uint8_t softwareLatchHvCounter; // Register $2137
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uint16_t horizontalScanLocation; // Register $213C
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uint16_t verticalScanLocation; // Register $213D
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uint8_t counterEnable; // Register $4200
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uint16_t horizontalIrqTrigger; // Register $4207/$4208
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uint16_t verticalIrqTrigger; // Register $4209/$420A
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uint8_t nmiRegister; // Register $4210
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uint8_t irqRegister; // Register $4211
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uint8_t statusRegisterIrq; // Register $4212
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};
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// Joypad Registers
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struct JoypadRegisters {
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uint16_t joypadData[4]; // Register $4218 to $421F
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uint8_t oldStyleJoypadRegisters[2]; // Registers $4016/$4217
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};
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// DMA Registers
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struct DmaRegisters {
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uint8_t startDmaTransfer; // Register $420B
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uint8_t enableHDmaTransfer; // Register $420C
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uint8_t dmacontrol_register_ister[8]; // Register $43?0
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uint8_t dmaDestinationAddress[8]; // Register $43?1
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uint32_t dmaSourceAddress[8]; // Register $43?2/$43?3/$43?4
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uint16_t bytesToTransfer[8]; // Register $43?5/$43?6/$43?7
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uint16_t hdmaCountPointer[8]; // Register $43?8/$43?9
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uint8_t scanlinesLeft[8]; // Register $43?A
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};
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// WRAM access Registers
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struct WramAccessRegisters {
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uint8_t dataByte; // Register $2180
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uint32_t address; // Register $2181/$2182/$2183
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};
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struct Tile {
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uint16_t index; // Index of the tile in VRAM
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uint8_t palette; // Palette number used for this tile
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bool flip_x; // Horizontal flip flag
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bool flip_y; // Vertical flip flag
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uint8_t priority; // Priority of this tile
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};
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struct BackgroundLayer {
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enum class Size { SIZE_32x32, SIZE_64x32, SIZE_32x64, SIZE_64x64 };
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enum class ColorDepth { BPP_2, BPP_4, BPP_8 };
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Size size; // Size of the background layer
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ColorDepth color_depth; // Color depth of the background layer
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std::vector<Tile> tilemap; // Tilemap data
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std::vector<uint8_t> tile_data; // Tile data in VRAM
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uint16_t tilemap_base_address; // Base address of the tilemap in VRAM
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uint16_t tile_data_base_address; // Base address of the tile data in VRAM
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uint8_t scroll_x; // Horizontal scroll offset
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uint8_t scroll_y; // Vertical scroll offset
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bool enabled; // Whether the background layer is enabled
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};
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const int kPpuClockSpeed = 5369318; // 5.369318 MHz
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class Ppu : public Observer, public SharedROM {
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public:
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// Initializes the PPU with the necessary resources and dependencies
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Ppu(Memory& memory, Clock& clock) : memory_(memory), clock_(clock) {}
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// Initialize the frame buffer
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void Init() {
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clock_.SetFrequency(kPpuClockSpeed);
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frame_buffer_.resize(256 * 240, 0);
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screen_ = std::make_shared<gfx::Bitmap>(256, 240, 8, 0x100);
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screen_->SetActive(false);
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}
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// Resets the PPU to its initial state
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void Reset() { std::fill(frame_buffer_.begin(), frame_buffer_.end(), 0); }
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// Runs the PPU for one frame.
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void Update();
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void UpdateClock(double delta_time) { clock_.UpdateClock(delta_time); }
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void UpdateInternalState(int cycles);
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// Renders a scanline of the screen
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void RenderScanline();
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void Notify(uint32_t address, uint8_t data) override;
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// Returns the pixel data for the current frame
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const std::vector<uint8_t>& GetFrameBuffer() const { return frame_buffer_; }
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auto GetScreen() const { return screen_; }
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private:
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// Updates internal state based on PPU register settings
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void UpdateModeSettings();
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// Internal methods to handle PPU rendering and operations
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void UpdateTileData();
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// Fetches the tile map data from memory and stores it in an internal buffer
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void UpdateTileMapData();
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// Renders a background layer
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void RenderBackground(int layer);
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// Renders sprites (also known as objects)
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void RenderSprites();
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// Fetches the palette data from CGRAM and stores it in an internal buffer
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void UpdatePaletteData();
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// Applies effects to the layers based on the current mode and register
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void ApplyEffects();
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// Combines the layers into a single image and stores it in the frame buffer
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void ComposeLayers();
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// Sends the frame buffer to the display hardware (e.g., SDL2)
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void DisplayFrameBuffer();
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// ===========================================================
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// Member variables to store internal PPU state and resources
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Memory& memory_;
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Clock& clock_;
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// PPU registers
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OAMSize oam_size_;
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OAMAddress oam_address_;
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Mosaic mosaic_;
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std::array<BGSC, 4> bgsc_;
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std::array<BGNBA, 4> bgnba_;
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std::array<BGHOFS, 4> bghofs_;
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std::array<BGVOFS, 4> bgvofs_;
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struct VMAIN vmain_;
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struct VMADDL vmaddl_;
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struct VMADDH vmaddh_;
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// struct VMDATAL vmdatal_;
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// struct VMDATAH vmdatah_;
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struct M7SEL m7sel_;
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struct M7A m7a_;
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struct M7B m7b_;
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struct M7C m7c_;
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struct M7D m7d_;
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struct M7X m7x_;
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struct M7Y m7y_;
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struct CGADD cgadd_;
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struct CGDATA cgdata_;
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struct W12SEL w12sel_;
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struct W34SEL w34sel_;
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struct WOBJSEL wobjsel_;
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struct WH0 wh0_;
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struct WH1 wh1_;
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struct WH2 wh2_;
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struct WH3 wh3_;
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struct WBGLOG wbglog_;
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struct WOBJLOG wobjlog_;
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struct TM tm_;
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struct TS ts_;
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struct TSW tsw_;
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struct TMW tmw_;
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struct SETINI setini_;
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Tilemap tilemap_;
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BackgroundMode bg_mode_;
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std::array<BackgroundLayer, 4> bg_layers_;
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std::vector<SpriteAttributes> sprites_;
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std::vector<uint8_t> tile_data_;
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std::vector<uint8_t> frame_buffer_;
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std::shared_ptr<gfx::Bitmap> screen_;
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uint16_t tile_data_size_;
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uint16_t vram_base_address_;
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uint16_t tilemap_base_address_;
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uint16_t screen_brightness_ = 0x00;
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bool enable_forced_blanking_ = false;
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int cycle_count_ = 0;
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int current_scanline_ = 0;
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const int cyclesPerScanline = 341; // SNES PPU has 341 cycles per scanline
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const int totalScanlines = 262; // SNES PPU has 262 scanlines per frame
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const int visibleScanlines = 224; // SNES PPU renders 224 visible scanlines
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};
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} // namespace emu
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} // namespace app
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} // namespace yaze
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#endif // YAZE_APP_EMU_PPU_H
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